SAP

SAP was founded in 1972 by five former IBM engineers and is headquartered in Walldorf, Germany. It is the largest software company in Europe.

Its ERP systems - from R/3 to today's cloud-first S/4HANA - run finance, supply chain, procurement and HR for companies of every size. Around them sit the HANA in-memory database, the Business Technology Platform and cloud products such as SuccessFactors, Concur and Ariba; the Joule assistant brings AI into all of them.

SAP's development happens in SAP Labs around the world, among them Walldorf, Bengaluru, Palo Alto, Sofia and Shanghai. ABAP, its own language, is still what much of the enterprise world is written in.