Nokia

Nokia traces its history to a pulp mill founded in Tampere, Finland, in 1865. It became the world's largest maker of mobile phones, sold that business to Microsoft in 2014, and bought Alcatel-Lucent in 2016 and the optical networking company Infinera in 2025. It is headquartered in Espoo, Finland, and listed on Nasdaq Helsinki and the New York Stock Exchange.

It builds network infrastructure for telecom operators, cloud and AI data-centre providers, enterprises and defence. Since 2026 it has been organised into Network Infrastructure (optical, IP and fixed networks) and Mobile Infrastructure (radio networks, core software and Technology Standards, its patent licensing business). Its research arm Nokia Bell Labs has won ten Nobel Prizes.

According to its annual report for 2025, Nokia had about 78,000 employees on average that year and operates in around 130 countries. About 33,000 of them work in Europe, 18,300 in India, 10,000 in North America and 7,200 in Greater China; its large R&D sites include Espoo, Tampere and Oulu in Finland, Wroclaw and Krakow in Poland, Budapest, Munich and Ulm, Bengaluru and Chennai, Murray Hill in New Jersey and Ottawa.